Why do many people have a prejudice against the Bible? In some countries, the reason was a book created to combat "heresy" - the Index of Forbidden Books. What does the story tell us about this? The Catholic Church received the invention of printing with great enthusiasm. Some popes praised the new invention, and the clergy called it "art from God." However, the church hierarchy soon realized that printing promotes the dissemination of ideas that contradict Catholicism. Therefore, at the end of the XV century, in many European dioceses, the clergy began to impose restrictions on him. The work could not be published without the permission of censorship. In 1515, at the Fifth Lateran Council, a number of additional rules were adopted, the violation of which was punishable by excommunication. However, with the beginning of the Reformation, none of these measures could stop the distribution of books and other printed materials that the church considered harmful to faith and morality. Therefore, in the second half of the 16th century, the Vatican circles, as never before, sought to ban the press.
In order to contain the "rapid flow of dangerous books," as one Italian Jesuit put it in 1951, the church decided to compile a list of books banned for Catholics. In 1542, the Roman Inquisition was established. One of her first official documents was a decree that restricted the freedom to print religious literature. When the former supreme Inquisitor Gianpietro Grafin became Pope Paul IV in 1555, he immediately ordered the creation of a list of banned books. The first edition of the Index of Forbidden Books for All Catholics was published in 1559.
Which books were banned?
The "index" consisted of three sections. The first of them contained a list of names of authors whose books were banned regardless of their subject matter. The second one included the names of individual works by different authors, whose works were generally not condemned. And in the third section you can find a long list of anonymous prohibited literature. The Index of Forbidden Books mentioned 1,107 printed works, many of which were devoted to religion. The Appendix contained a list of banned editions of the Bible, including all translations in the language of the common people. Bans had already existed in many places before, but by creating a tool that should operate on the territory of all Catholic countries, the church for the first time officially opposed the printing, reading and possession of the Holy Book in the languages of ordinary people, explains Giliola Franito, lecturer in modern history at the University of Parma (Italy). Les joueurs expérimentés savent que l’utilisation d’un code promotionnel au moment de l’inscription peut faire une grande différence, car cela permet d’obtenir des bonus supplémentaires dès le départ. Ces offres sont idéales pour tester les jeux. En indiquant un
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